" natural calamity period of 3 years" Sichuan the not normal textual criticism of death toll

" natural calamity Sichuan is not Is the nation-wide not normal death toll of " natural calamity period of 3 years " amount actually? We never see the accurate figure that authority announces. But in Sichuan, it has relatively full and accurate figure for textual criticism. " contemporary Sichuan will be recorded by fact" a book( " the contemporary history volume of oral account of book series member meeting " editor, Sichuan people's Publication society2005Year Publication) a book has offered credible information. For this book, what offer information is comrade who takes charge of provincial Party committee and province residence important leading post in those years and take charge of comrade of leading post in others department, because of located location,They know the real picture of a lot of incidents, the information offered should be credible. As far as this book is concerned, there are few Print quantity, friends may be hard to read to arrive , reason after major partial extracts. Its content is the reference of original text basically, the author dare not fabricate. Record1962Year5Month, the batch of provincial Party committee turns " the establishment group of provincial Party committee of administrative organ about the party grouping and state departments of whole province , people's organization retrenches working opinion( draft) " , has stipulated each city and land , state difference according to the proportion of urban and rural population weave surely. This the very file is very simple, but it is several to be prepared with a population digital cadre of various places of every place to weave surely. Record in file1960At the end of the year, Sichuan1957In year, Sichuan population60Year57In year,100010000. In book, it is still this to1957Year1960It still has1961-1962In annual first half of the year, whole country has improved , but Sichuan return when the dead. With this, Sichuan honor mounts the roll head " the nation-wide population of 'San Nian Zi Ran Zai Hai Shi Qi' reduce the most province" , has no mystery. Why does Sichuan become " the nation-wide natural One1958Sharply decline since year,1958In year, Sichuan1961Have only 2.6E+101949Still lose 2, transfer It is that1959^1960^1961This annual some years. This some years are also that Sichuan occurs some years of serious difficulty because of "great leap forward" just, grain output is in successive years big to drop in production , but transfer to grain but increase progressively in successive years.1959Transfer to19583960000000 Jins23.3%;1960Transfer to 68400000001959Year28.3%, transfer to in average every Since transfering to task, overweight, original stock had been dug to leave empty, provincial grain is insufficient seriously, this is Sichuan dropsical illness is popular, population are not the major reason of high normal death. Why does Sichuan still transfer to so many grains under own very difficult condition? One of its reason is to get the influence of the boastful wind at that time. In that few years, grain output is decided in province.1958In year1957Have turned one1959Year is 9.2E+10 Jins. Afterwards, adjust tune , adjust 6.7E+11 Jins , is still to falsely report. As Sichuan self has announced so high output, central government requirement Sichuan many tunes some grain makes river is of course. Central lead thinks , problem occurs in Sichuan than occur is in capital , saliva , Hu the influence of the political, economic and each aspect that causes is little somewhat. ( is been afterwards by biography " would rather Sichuan the dead also can not let capital and saliva , Hu the dead "). If Sichuan is this and plenty1958Year11Month12Month, Sichuan adjusts to go the grain of Shanghai 3 or 4 river suffers ultra-left The difficulty of " natural calamity period of 3 years " is caused mainly because of the ultra-left route at that time. Sichuan conducted ultra-left route far than others region is more firm, time is also more lasting, aftermath far is more serious than others region. Record1959Year after8Month30In day province in-forms county place suddenly level cadre meeting. After having gone , the of outgoing message is " the opinion book of comrade Peng De Huai". Originally former Sichuan provincial Party committee major responsible comrade has attended Lu mountain meeting, getting for meeting to smash " Peng De bosom anti-Party group " struggle " great victory" is perfectly clear. But this comrade returns Sichuan to close mouth do not talk to occur when Lu everything of mountain, give all intentionally on the contrary " opinion book " to see , see afternoon discussion in the morning. Under the condition that countryside situation becomes stern day by day at that time ," opinion book" of Peng De Huai have aroused the sympathetic response of a lot of persons , declare position to agree. Qi know that second day has announced the conclusion of central government for Peng De Huai , these talents know that have been taken in , wrong land quilt " draw snake make hole ", have become the object that criticizes " Right opportunism". It is also to do in "great leap forward" " 3 melts ( organize militarization and action fight to melt , live collective melts ) " as countryside public dining room and " have meal to do not want money " outcome, expose a lot of problems at the beginning.1959Year along with grain reduction of product, problem and the difficulty of public dining room are more and more , become the one of countryside swelling important reason of ill popular and plenty of the deads. In river, some leading comrades has resisted spontaneously for public dining room. If Lu first secretary Deng Zi Li of state prefectural Party committee, facing the famine with serious countryside, he goes deep into grass-roots investigation research, dare from reality is from hair , in whole province, dismiss public dining room first, give society Yuan stroke family plot, at the same time when some productions team does the experimental unit of job contract. These measures have transfered society Yuan initiative, solve peasant difficulty for promoting production have played very your work uses , quilt local society Yuan is called as " Deng blue sky ". Is however turning over the struggle of right deviation, Lu state region is decided by provincial Party committee for the typical case of restoration capitalism, Deng Zi Li quilt decide as Sichuan" the oldest member of Right opportunism", withdraw the pin secretary post of prefectural Party committee , transfer to a lower level countryside labor. Closely afterwards, provincial Party committee has sent the instruction of a series of recovery and solid public dining room , and points out: " may affirm , the metropolis in county and district commune leading cadres at all levels has to have bourgeois stand and representative somewhat the rich requirement of peasant, do the capitalist member of Right opportunism warmheartedly. For the total route of defence party, should expose them firmly , criticize , the different levels core of leaderships of further pure party, in order to correct the mistake of Right opportunism thoroughly in cadre. " the practice of these mistakes has aggravated the difficulty of countryside further. Reserve again as family plot after being the cooperative land of period into society to society Yuan " little freedom", the kind what crop of family plot is personal or is sold , by society Yuan decision. After people's commune melts , the ideological guidance in " Yi big 2 public " takes off , society Yuan family plot , privately owned livestock and house base etc. receive completely to go to the public society has. After difficulty occurs , a lot of nation-wide regions again all or greater part puts under family plot society Yuan individual. This is badly off for alleviating masses , passes famine smoothly to , is not little to take affect. Early when1959Year5Month in, " central government about the 5 urgent instruction of Agriculture " put forward promise society Yuan is private to raise pig, may give society Yuan recovery a part of family plot. And Sichuan points out when transmiting " this instruction ": " general can need not recover family plot again. If recovery family plot, will influence public dining room strengthen. " this kind of do not give society Yuan the practice that recovers family plot has maintained the time with half one year in Sichuan, up to " central government about the countryside current policy problem of people's commune urgent instruction letter "( Sub_clause of 12 after) give a few months, Sichuan still does not implement basically , always arrives1961Year7Month, provincial Party committee8Month batch turns the countryside of provincial Party committee to work in department " about society Yuan family plot transfers the inspection of condition report " for society Yuan " no stroke reaches should supply immediately according to stipulation. " family plot is been called as by masses" save life land ". Sichuan when recovery the time of draging on the problem time of family plot grows too, cause the dropsical ill and not normal increase of death toll. Sichuan has still done1960In year, winter and rightful grain are tense. Contradiction layer upon layer, grey brook county develops the work of " check grain hide on the contrary to produce " in whole county scope. Provincial Party committee10In month last ten-days period in the written remarks criticized to turn this report, ask " others region should imitate the practice of grey brook county Party committee, the implementation of 'Si Liang' ( purchase , grain ration, seed and forage ) ". After report next hair, have land region gives some grass-rootses cadre even partial societies Yuan add " personal minute" charge , go to their home search; Some place even forces human life therefore.1960Year9Month, Sichuan has again done " Ge food coupon becomes invalid " invalid food coupon of 48000000 kgs. This action has harmed image and the reputation of government seriously to blame sound year road in river. Serious famine has brought grave suffering to Sichuan people. In " really record " for this, there is also detailed record. Have in article included in book and that Chongqing Comrade of Party Secretary Liaobokang writes such a record and narrate: " elegant install region Xing have said during the working meeting of provincial Party committee by secretary county Party committee that his county population are dead half, a village dies one does not leave , has even had no person who buries person , has to send the person of a other village to this village to bury person, it is eaten that these persons who buries person has no again want digging pit, it is manual labor, result buries person have also died , have to transfer person again from the village of others to bury these persons who buries person. After as we have learned, take office however before half a year Xing go through the secretary Yao of county Party committee is green1960Having been sentenced punishment1959Year since arrive Xing write 1961In year, the Sichuan provincial Party committee of the Communist Party of China appoints some of leading comradeses to go to the heavy beam of disaster area to level county , take charge of different levels leading posts in, book has also included them at that time when the recollections with flat beam. " the time that we go down sees is dropsical patient everywhere. The cadre of bottom does not abstain from like the leading comrades of top to say that have no grain, famish person, say truth to us , include secretary of county Party committee Xu Hai to settle , and have not concealed actual condition to me. He takes me , have seen the most serious village of one. After I have seen , am very sorry , am similar with the condition of having just hit Huaihai Campaign. Door window has had no , furniture have also had no , a wides open room , in house, it is weeds and dust , on the hillside of rear side, it is the tomb of the pile of a pile, in village besides village, cannot see a alive person. He still takes us , have seen swelling ill hospital, it is bony and many , swelling is bony afterwards. " Sichuan history goes up this heavy a page of fall out at last to pass. The youth person for today , this history seems as if the history of extraterrestrial. Today, we are under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory , reforming and opening up and every career are developing vigorously. Stroke to catch up past , we must rejoice to give birth , also, in the today times of such a happiness, can not forget the suffering that ultra-left route has brought to us.